pKb Definition in Chemistry

pKb is the negative base-10 logarithm of the base dissociation constant (Kb) of a solution. It is used to determine the strength of a base or alkaline solution. pKb -log10KbThe lower the pKb value, the stronger the base. As with the acid dissociation constant, pKa, the base dissociation constant calculation is an approximation that is only accurate in dilute solutions. Kb can be found using the following formula: Kb [B][OH-] / [BOH] which is obtained from the chemical equation: BH   OH−  Ã¢â€¡Å' B H2O Finding pKb from pKa or Ka The base dissociation constant is related to the acid dissociation constant, so if you know one, you can find the other value. For an aqueous solution, the hydroxide ion concentration [OH- follows the relation of the hydrogen ion concentration [H] Kw [H][OH- Putting this relation into the Kb equation gives: Kb [HBKw / ([B][H]) Kw / Ka At the same ionic strength and temperatures: pKb pKw - pKa. For aqueous solutions at 25 ° C, pKw 13.9965 (or about 14), so: pKb 14 - pKa Sample pKb Calculation Find the value of the base dissociation constant Kb and pKb for a 0.50 dm-3 aqueous solution of a weak base that has a pH of 9.5. First calculate the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations in the solution to get values to plug into the formula. [H] 10-pH 10-9.5   3.16 x 10–10  mol dm–3 Kw   [H(aq)] [OH–(aq)] 1 x 10–14  mol2  dm–6 [OH–(aq)]   Kw/[H(aq)] 1 x 10–14  / 3.16 x 10–10   3.16 x 10–5  mol dm–3 Now, you have the necessary information to solve for the base dissociation constant: Kb   [OH–(aq)]2/[B(aq)] (3.16 x 10–5)2  / 0.50   2.00 x 10–9  mol dm–3 pKb   –log(2.00 x 10–9)   8.70

Facebook s Effect On Our Life - 892 Words

For most of us it is the first thing that we check in the morning, and it may have an impact on our mood’s for the rest of the day. What was once a source of entertainment and a way to keep in contact with friends and family that may not live near us has now become a relationship breaking, friend shaming, political pity party. In an effort to increase our happiness we should get rid of Facebook, it ruins relationships and friendships, causes cheating, is full of negativity and overall it makes us unhappy, don t worry it will be easy. Facebook is the number one killer of friendships. Everyone seems to believe that whatever you post is about them, and god forbid you over-share information and someone goes all wack-a-doo on you. What I really like the most about it is when your â€Å"best friends† , and I say this with the most sarcasm possible, post things about you in hopes to shame you and bring you down. The last time I checked Facebook was for entertainment, to keep i n contact with friend and relatives who may not live near by, to share your experiences, travels, pictures, and to update everyone on what changes have occurred in your life. So, in my efforts to get rid of the middle school level drama that occurs on FB on a hourly basis, and think we should all take a month of off FB and see if it disappears. We can make it national ban FB month, and anyone who uses it gets a hefty fine. After the month is over I think we will see an increased level of peace and positivityShow MoreRelatedFacebook And Its Negative Effect On Its Users1216 Words   |  5 PagesFacebook and Its Negative Effect On Its Users Facebook, the number one online based networking. Nowadays, everyone must have heard of or used the application. But only few people realize the negative impact Facebook leaves on users. Such as privacy, attitude, and behavior. In 2004, Mark Zuckerberg who recently dropped out of Harvard University, in order to chase a dream of creating the world social networking. And the young guy s ambition did pay off. Now the guy has become a millionaire, and aRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And Agricultural Revolution1509 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world through multiple means of communication. Perhaps one of the most prevalent sources of correspondence today is social media, particularly Facebook. In developing and maintaining friendships with others online, relationships are both strengthened and weakened by the barriers and networks formed through social media. As a result, sites like Facebook create a communication gap between those whose friendships are dependent upon social media, leaving numerous traits of the individual and the groupRead MoreSelf-Esteem an Social Media985 Words   |  4 PagesFacebook Activity and Self-Esteem Self-Esteem Self-esteem serves as the foundation for many components of who we are and our views on life. High levels of self-esteem have been correlated with greater satisfaction in multiple important aspects of life, including professions, salaries, relationships, and physical health (Orth, 2012). While good self-esteem can be associated with many benefits, low self-esteem is accompanied by countless negative qualities. In a recent study, it was found that adolescentsRead MoreIs Facebook Making Us Lonely?1236 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 151- RW October 11, 2015 Facebook and Loneliness Are people still feeling lonely even though they are connected online? 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People are using Social Media andRead MoreThe Impact Of Digital Technology On Our Society974 Words   |  4 Pagesunrecognizable to those who came before us, and will likely be unrecognizable to us, by the time we die. In this world, the only constant is change, and it stands to reason that when changing our world, we inevitably end up changing ourselves. Digital technology happens to be one of the most rapidly changing aspects of our cul ture. In fact, the changes we ve made in technology have been so staggering that for a while, we had overlooked the ways that technology had been changing us. Advancements in technologyRead MoreSocial Media Applications Affect Our Privacy1396 Words   |  6 Pagesare major consequences as well. My research questions states: Is social media applications affecting our privacy and if so in what ways? The use of social media applications affect our privacy in many ways including the collection of personal information such as messages, photos, videos, location, credit card information, phone information, device settings and monitor habits. They also affect our privacy by distributing a huge portion of personal information with third parties and allowing hackers

Hemingway vs. Fitzgerald - 1518 Words

Audrey Smith Colcleasure ACC English 3 14 February 11, 2011 The literary world of the 1920’s is often referred to as the â€Å"Lost Generation.† This was a time of hopelessness and heartache from the damages of the war which caused carelessness and lack of responsibility. Everyone was affected in some way and often could not handle the situation, usually turning to alcohol to relieve all problems. According to Gertrude Stein, the literary figures of the 1920’s â€Å"drank themselves to death†, especially two of the greatest writers of the 20th century, F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway. Although both authors use alcohol as a â€Å"mask† or an escape to try and fill the void of hopelessness, Hemingway has a stronger emphasis on alcohol than†¦show more content†¦Alcohol is not always used for a good time, and most of his characters drink to get drunk for a variety of reasons. â€Å"Mike was a bad drunk. Brett was a good drunk. Bill was a good drunk. Cohn was never drunk. Mike was unpleasant a fter he passed a certain point† (152). Brett Ashley drinks to be extra friendly with the rich men of the town. Impotent Jake Barnes drinks because he knows he cannot physically be with Brett due to his injury from the war. He loses friendships and other relationships due to his hopeless love and loyalty for Brett who is having love affairs with many other men. Robert Cohn is the only character of the group that is not constantly drunk, but his affair with Brett makes him jealous enough to get drunk, fight his only friends Mike and Jake, and later on he fights Pedro Romero, a young bullfighter that Brett loves. Alcohol may seem like a good time for the characters in The Sun Also Rises, but the drinking and partying is really just a cover of the hopelessness and carelessness after the war. These problems hidden in his novel can also be revealed in his short stories. In the short story â€Å"The Three Day Blow,† Hemingway uses characters like Nick and Bill to show how alco hol is used as a mask to hide emotions and to relieve unpleasant memories. The story begins with the two men sitting around a fire talking about sports, fishing, and books, but then Bill mentions Nick’sShow MoreRelated Hemingway and Fitzgerald Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesHemingway and Fitzgerald Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald, the parties of one of the most famously infamous relationships in literary history met for the first time in late April 1925 at The Dingo Bar, a Paris hangout for the bohemian set. In his novel A Moveable Feast (published posthumously) Hemingway describes his first impressions of Fitzgerald: â€Å"The first time I ever met Scott Fitzgerald a very strange thing happened. 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Allen shows that OConnor describes the spiritually devoid charactersRead More`` A Good Man Is Hard, And Ha Jin s, Under The Red Flag1115 Words   |  5 PagesShort stories are seemingly a lost art amongst the literary community. Legendary writers such as Edgar Allen Poe, Flannery O’Connor, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and many more have paved the way for writers such as Ha Jin and Phil Klay who write today. Now, although one could speak on the importance of each of these tremendous writers, the focus in paper will be on two writings being that of Flannery O’Connor’s, â€Å"A Good Man Is Har d To Find† and Ha Jin’s, â€Å"Under The Red Flag†. Now, eachRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesRevolution(1789—1799) Romantic vs. Neoclassic (1) Neoclassicism: - reason, order, elegant wit - rationalism of enlightenment in 18th-cent. Romanticism: - passion, emotion, natural beauty - imagination, mysticism, liberalism (freedom to express personal feelings) Romantic vs. Neoclassic (2) Innovation: - subjects: common life; the supernatural; the far away and the long ago - style: common language really used by men; poetic symbolism Romantic vs. Neoclassic(3) Good poetryRead MoreThe Modern Literary Era Shift From Romanticism Into Realism In The 20th Century2016 Words   |  9 Pageslives, lost their friends, lost their own identity, or were simply changed forever due the horrors they experienced while at war. Ultimately though, they produced arguable the greatest writing talent of the 20th century to include: Earnest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, James Joyce, and John Steinbeck among many others. These writers all became literary giants in their time and to this day we are still reading and analyzing their work. They had an amazing ability to capture the generation s melancholyRead MoreDifferences Between Northern and Southern Writers3020 Words   |  13 Pagespolitics, folkways, their sometimes bizarre behavior, and, obviously, the language, not just dialect but imaginative phrases, a sense that the writer’s love of language is the very air he or she breathes. Great writer such as; Wharton, James, Hemingway, Fitzgerald have come out of the North—New York, and the Midwest, but they did not set out to express the character and spirit of those regions. There is no Northern literature as such. There is no such thing as northerners, except in the minds of Southerners;Read MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 Pages.............................................................. 9 Artists, Authors, and Musicians: Bob Dylan (â€Å"The Prophet of Rock and Roll†) .......................................................................................... 11 Ernest Hemingway (Troubled, brilliant author and war reporter) ............................................................ 13 Frank Lloyd Wright (America’s legendary architect) .............................................................................. 15 Napoleon

A Society By Fyodor Dostoyevsky - 1075 Words

The 19th Century Russian author Fyodor Dostoyevsky once wrote that a society can be judged by the conditions within its prisons. In that same vein, you can determine the strength of a society by how it treats those living on the outskirts of society, the most vulnerable and stigmatized citizens. Prostitutes are nearly at the bottom of the American social hierarchy, just above pedophiles, rapists, and violent criminals. Prostitutes are vilified in a way suggesting that they’re somehow victimizing other people. In fact, that stigma has enabled some of the most sinister serial killers and rapists to target prostitutes because their victims have been deemed by our culture as unworthy of their most basic human rights. Throughout history, many nations have changed their prostitution laws back and forth according to the ebb and flow of social movements as this is a very symbolic and polarizing issue. In the end, these changes have had little to do with implementing the most cost-effective and practical policies. It may be surprising to learn that nearly every state in the U.S. lacked prostitution laws until WWI. Before then, prostitution laws had been enforced at the local level and most every major city had a red-light district where this activity was decriminalized. In fact, in 1894 one infamous New York Police Captain, Alexander â€Å"Clubber† Williams, defiantly testified to a corruption committee that he permitted rampant prostitution in his precinct because it was â€Å"fashionable.†Show MoreRelatedEssay about Fyodor Dostoyevsky636 Words   |  3 PagesFyodor Dostoyevsky       Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821-1881) was one of the greatest Russian novelists to ever live. There are so few authors, as Dostoyevsky was, who have had such a great impact on 20th century western literature. His works analyze social, moral, political, and psychological aspects of mankind.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dostoyevsky was born in Moscow in 1821. Much of Dostoyevskys life experiences, especially early on, provided much influence for his writings. Dostoyevskys determinationRead MoreNotes from the Underground by Fyodor Dostoyevsky1616 Words   |  7 PagesFyodor Dostoyevsky (1821-1881) was a Russian novelist, journalist, and short story writer that discussed the psychological state of the human soul in many of his works, one in particular is Notes from the Underground; which was published in 1864. Notes from the Underground, had a great influence in the 20th century; the novel takes a man’s inability to communicate with society and uses it to teach readers about the importance of other humans in our daily lives and how that affects the way we thinkRead MoreNotes From The Underground by Fyodor Dostoyevsky577 Words   |  2 PagesThe Underground Man is alone because he has chosen to be; he is hyper-conscious, meaning he is too aware and over analyses everything à ¢â‚¬â€œ his biggest worries are petty compared to what is going around him. As a society, we worry so much about ourselves and our own persona, we sometimes become paranoid. A perfect example is given when the Underground Man is on the verge of having dinner with his old comrades and he notices a stain on his trousers â€Å"The worst of it was that on the knee of my trousersRead MoreThe Themes of Dostoyevsky2976 Words   |  12 Pages The Themes of Dostoyevsky Fyodor Dostoyevsky, born in 1821, would become one of the greatest writers in Russian literature. Fyodor received an education in engineering in St. Petersburg, but decided to follow a literary career. He was a person who wrote how they felt about certain topics, and felt that everyone should know about the government. Dostoyevsky joined the underground group, the Petrashevsky circle, the to bring out the truth in these books, which were forbidden in the public. ThroughRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Crime And Punishment1182 Words   |  5 PagesJavert’s suicide when he says, â€Å"To owe life to a criminal...to betray society in order to remain true...these absurdities should come about and be heaped on top of him...it was this that defeated him† (Hugo 1181). Javert’s adherence to his internal conflict imploded and eventually influenced his suicide; a reader might see Javert’s decision and confirm that an inner conflict of motives prompted his unanticipated action. Fyodor Dostoyevsky, a 19th Century existentialist Russian author, portrays a similarRead MoreReligion as Societal Conformity in Crime and Punishment Essay1038 Words   |  5 PagesThe central theme of Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoyevsky deals with conformity’s role in society. Dostoyevsky uses conformity to make Raskolnikov mentally ill and eventually turn himself in to face the punishment for his crimes. 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According to Freud, although the super-ego controls the other two to present ourselves in a rational state within society, the id often tends to be out of complete control by the conscious, making it an unconscious action. For Freud, it’s the recognition that the irrational is there, that it must be controlled to take over. Man’s aggressive nature does tend to overpowerRead More Importance of St. Petersburg in Fyodor Dostoyevskys Crime and Punishment2598 Words   |  11 PagesImportance of St. Petersburg in Fyodor Dostoyevskys Crime and Punishment Fyodor Dostoyevskys Crime and Punishment explores the dangerous effects of St. Petersburg, a malignant city, on the psyche of the impoverished student Raskolnikov. In this novel, Petersburg is more than just a backdrop. The city plays a central role in the development of the characters and the actions that they take. Raskolnikov survives in one of the cramped, dark spaces that are characteristic of Petersburg. These spaces

Quality Management free essay sample

Pick a product good or service that you are interested in consuming sometime in the near future. Analyze the offerings of two competing firms. How do the products compare on various dimensions of quality? From these differences, what can you infer about each companys strategy and the customers that they seem to be targeting? A good that I will be purchasing sometime soon is a new vehicle. My husband and I are looking at either a Chevy Silverado, or a Ford F-150. Both trucks are well built, and look nice. The durability on both is exceptional. The engine needed really depends on the type of work the truck will be used for. Both brands are popular and are also up to date on the current technology. It would really come down to personal preference, and I personally am loyal to the brands that I love. Its very difficult for me to switch to a competing brand when Ive decided that I found something that works for me. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What I can infer is that there arent really any differences between these particular brands, besides the name. They both get the job done. 2. ) Employee empowerment is an essential element of quality management, especially in services. From your own experience, cite instances where a service provider empowered its employee to go the extra mile to delight you. Then indicate an instance where the opposite happened. Many moons ago, I was late in returning a DVD to Blockbuster. The CSR informed me of the late fees. She saw the surprise in my face, and told me not to worry about it, that she was going to clear them off of my account. I asked her if she was sure she wouldnt get into trouble. She told me that he had given her permission to clear late fees if she felt it was appropriate. I never got another late fee again, and I was a regular customer. An instance where the opposite happened was this past week. For the past week our internet and cable TV has been going down. Atamp;t has sent 5 technicians out, and no one has been able to fix our problem. We have called them numerous times to complain, and the only response we get is Im sorry. I have told them that we need to be compensated for the time we have spent waiting for technicians to come out, and having to go to public places with free wifi to do our homework. Were still waiting on a manager to contact us. We are considering canceling our services with them, and getting another service provider. 3. ) You have been commissioned to create a local equivalent of the Malcom Baldrige National Quality Award for your colleges campus. The winner will receive free campus parking for one academic year. Prepare a list of criteria for use in deciding who on your campus is most worthy of this award. How would you propose these factors be measured? Should they be? The student must show leadership skills, have an excellent attendance record, and a GPA of 3. 25 or higher. Yes, the factors must be measured because the free campus parking for a year is a reward, and not just anyone deserves to be awarded. 4. ) You have been appointed head of quality control for your organization (a firm you have worked at or at your college). During the first month, you interview desciples of Deming, Juran, and Crosby. Each seems to be equally affable and competent. Which consultant would you hire for your organization? Why? I would hire Juran because he contributed to the quality movement by creating a focus on the definition and cost of quality. 5. Why are most quality awards based on the Malcom Baldrige National Quality Award program? Why not the ISO 9000 Standard? The requirements are far more specific. They are designed to help evaluators compare quality systems and to identify superior firms. ISO 9000 on the other hand is not a competitive standard. It is intended to ensure that the quality system in place at least minimally conforms to certain requirements. 6. ) It has been said that quality management is really a people system, more than a technical system. If this is true, what conditions must first be in place for a firm to be successful with quality management? What are the possible repercussions for the firm if the employees arent committed to the quality management program? Performance, features, reliability, conformance, aesthetics, support/responsiveness, and perceived quality all must be in place for a firm to be successful with quality management. If employees arent committed to the quality management program, customers might notice the difference and go somewhere else. 1. ) How would you rate Dinsmores Hotel? What evidence would you provide to support your position? I would rate Dinsmores hotel very poor. The whole experience was awful. The doorman saw that a guest had arrived, and instead of promptly helping him with his luggage, he offered him an umbrella and had him do it himself. The parking situation was horrible, and didn’t give him enough time to check in before getting his vehicle towed away. The employees seemed genuinely bothered to have to quit socializing to tend to their guest. There was complete lack of both customer service and management. 2. ) What are some of the most interesting examples of quality found in the case? How does Dinsmore view these examples? How would you, as the customer view these same instances? I felt the most interesting examples of the poor quality found in this case to be the fact that the doorman didnt help the guest with his luggage. He had to do it himself getting his car towed in the process. The counter clerk wasnt friendly, and didnt seem to worried about the fact that he was the owners guest. I would think if you know that the customer is someone that the owner knows, you would go above and beyond to make the guest feel welcomed. Dinsmore pretty much sees all of the poor quality as growing pains, like its all a part of the natural process, and the problems will go away on their own. As a customer, I would be extremely disappointed if I showed up at this hotel and experienced all of these problems. When I get to a hotel after a long day of traveling, the last thing I want is to arrive to a room that isnt ready for me. I surely do not want to walk up some stairs due to the elevator being out of service! The food trays in the hallway would disgust me! It would make me wonder just how clean the places I cant see really are, and Id be questioning the housekeepers work ethics. 3. ) What do you think of Dinsmores handling of the dispute involving the vacuums? The housekeeper probably didnt like the suggestion about vacuuming every other day, because she knew that it was her responsibility to keep the hotel rooms clean. People do not want to stay in dirty hotel rooms. Dinsmore should have decided to invest in more vacuums so that the job could get done efficiently and on a daily basis. 4. ) What would you recommend to Dinsmore about the manager of the restaurant? The restaurant manager seemed to be the only person that was focused on great customer service. He quickly sat his customers and took a drink order. It seemed as if the drinks and menus appeared on their own. His hotel would be a better place if he had employees like the restaurant manager. 5. ) If you were hired as a consultant by the owners of this hotel, what would you do? Why? If I was hired as a consultant, my first job would be to identify all of the problems the hotel had. There are many problems this hotel is experiencing, from the friendliness and efficiency of the staff, to the management. The staff needs training in how to do their jobs.

Technicalities Ltd or Innovative Storage

Question: Discuss about the Technicalities Ltd or Innovative Storage. Answer: Introduction: Is Maisy an employee or another type of worker? Understanding the form of worker Maisy is to Technicalities Ltd or Innovative Storage will make clear her position in applying for a job with IS, it would show if she has breached any contract she had with Technicalities. All employees in Australia will need to have a Common law contract of employment. In this contract, the terms of employment are specified. This could exist as a written contract or an unwritten one. The workplace agreement could exist between the employer and also a group of employees as well. The employee agreement is differentiated from the independent contractor agreement. The Independent Contractors Act 2006 is present to ensure that contractors are not treated as employees and vice versa. Independent contractors in general will have an Australian Business number ABN. They run their business in their own times and also control how they take up work. On the other hand, an employee is one who is controlled by the workplace and told what they have to do on a regular basis. The usual employee rights are not available to the contractor. Usually courts judge whether a person is a contractor or based on multiple criteria. The right to control manner in which work is performed would be c onsidered as well as the entire relationship between the worker and the place of business. The case of ACE Insurance Limited v Trifunovski[2013] FCAFC 3 set the precedent for whether a person should be considered as an employee or as a contractor. In this case, five insurance sales representatives had signed contract agreements, but the nature of their work made them appear as employees more than independent contractors. They worked in a specific geographic location, and reported to a regional manager.The sales representatives were to carry out their work only as specified and could not do anything on their own. According to this case, even when there are written contracts, the nature of the relationship will decide whether the person in question is an employee or other. Second, the work in question must have been such that the contractor should have had the freedom to either carry out the work on their own or make use of someone to carry out the work. The contractor must have been entitled to control time limit for work and costs and should also be allowed to use their ow n equipment as well. According to this case, the result would determine the payment and not the number of hours that were put towards the work. Application Now applying the Common law contract of employment, Independent Contractors Act 2006 and ACE Insurance Limited v Trifunovski[2013] FCAFC 3 Maisy appeared to have signed up like a contractor as she had her own ABN number, but then the nature of her employment, makes her more of an employee. She is seen to have taken proper orders from IS and has even worked for a longer term with IS taking up all other work orders with Technicalities only in a part time stand point. Maisy can be considered as both an employee and contractor depending on if the discussion is with respect to Technicalities or IS. Assuming Maisy is an employee, who is Maisys employer, Technicalities or IS? Assessing for this issue will help in understanding with whom Maisy was in a contract with. Rule Employee or contractor decision tool from the Australian taxation office, attempts to present how there could be some myths about who is a contractor. Some of the most common understandings of contractor are that, the contractor decides most of their own jobs, might work short term jobs or might have an ABN number, invoicing for a work etc. However, none of these things by themselves could be used to determine the contractor status of a person. or employee. There are rules, and working arrangements could be difference and hence it is better to understand the difference. Australian Government taxation office website lists these differences as follows, Ability to subcontract/ delegate: The employee is one who does not have the ability to sub contract their work or delegate their work. They cannot pay someone else to do the work. On the other hand, the contractor has the right to freely delegate the work to someone and also pay them. Basis of Payment: In terms of the basis of payment, the worker is usually pad by time, such as the hours works or the price form item or a commission. Now in the case of a contractor, they are usually paid by the result that they have achieved. Equipment, tools and assets: In the case of the employee, the employee need not bring any tools or assets to the workplace. Everything they need to complete the work is usually given to them. In the case of the contractor worker, all the equipment is usually provides by the contractor themselves. They will not receive any form of reimbursement for the equipment that they use. Commercial Risks: In the case of commercial risks, the business is the one that has to legally bear the costs of the burden and is liable for rectifying work defects or issues with worker safety. In the case of the contractor any form of commercial risks that is taken by the worker, then the worker becomes wholly responsible. Control over the work: In the context of work control, the employee usually follows direction given to them, and the contractor might end up doing the work in his own way, only guided by the contractor agreement. Independence: In terms of the independence or the autonomy of the work, the employee usually is considered as being part of the business, they are not an independent entity,they are considered to be connected. In the case of the contractor, the services are rendered to the business, but the person who renders the service will not consider themselves as being a part of the business. They can accept work according to the contractor agreement they have signed and also adjust for work as their cycle runs. In addition to these rules as presented in the Taxation department website of the Australian Government, the rules as presented for the insurance agent in the case of ACE Insurance Limited v Trifunovski[2013] FCAFC 3 will also be applicable. Application Now in the case of being hired by Technicalities, Maisy was not receiving direct work instructions from Technicalities and hence could be said to not be an employee of Technicalities. However, Maisy was receiving proper work orders from IS. She was obeying the work orders of IS. She did not have any equipment to complete her own work and used the equipment of IS. IS had control over her work, and Maisy in the context of an unforeseen accident also claimed for medical expenses from IS. Based on the application of the standard rules, it can hence be said that Maisy is indeed an employee of IS, or at least the nature of her work makes her an employee of IS. She is not an employee of Technicalities and could be considered as a contractor only with respect to technicalities. Assuming Maisy is an employee, has Maisys employer breached any contractual duty owed to her? Rule By contractual duties, it can be said that under common law, an employee will owe duty or obligation to provide service in good faith according to Blyth Chemicals Ltd v. Bushnell. Contractual duties can either be expressly stated or it could be understood to be implied. The implication is understood as long as it is seen to add some business efficacy to the contract BP Refinery Pty Ltd v. President, Councillors and Ratepayers of Shire of Hastings. Application When starting work for Technicalities Maisy registered for an ABN number but she received neither direct work orders from Technicalities nor was she required to report to them or be under their control. In fact, Maisy was seen to accept proper work with IS and IS was even reported to have asked for her services more directly. Now according to the common law of contracts Maisy might not hold a contractual relationship with Technicalities. On the other hand, since she was taking orders from IS, and was reporting to IS, she owed a duty of obligation to IS under the common law of contracts. So when Maisy applied for a work with IS, she should have been given a chance to explain before her work with them was terminated by IS. While it is true that IS did not have any direct agreement, according to the fair trade agreement, IS should give her a chance to explain. Conclusion Maisy must be given a reasonable chance to explain her standpoint and her work cannot be dismissed as such with such a pay in lieu of notice. References Australian Government. "Difference between employees and contractors" Australian Taxation Office. 2016. accessed Sep 30 2016. https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Employee-or-contractor/How-to-determine-if-workers-are-employees-or-contractors/Difference-between-employees-and-contractors/ Australian Government. "How to determine is a worker is an employee or an independent contractor". 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